Scientists Reveal the Chain Reaction That Leads to Gluten Attacking the Gut

Researchers at the University of Rome Tor Vergata reviewed more than 100 studies in Frontiers in Immunology on celiac disease.

The review says genetic risk, TG2 activity, immune cells, gut bacteria, and stromal cells may work together to worsen small-intestine damage after gluten exposure.

It highlights how intraepithelial lymphocytes and stromal cells can amplify inflammation, triggering a multi-step immune cascade in susceptible people.

The synthesis could improve understanding of celiac disease development and inform better treatments or prevention strategies.