How is a giant "kelp forest" growing in waters where almost no light reaches?

TED-Ed explains how giant kelp forests can survive and grow in dim mesophotic ocean zones despite very limited sunlight.

The piece reviews leading theories about their unusual energy use, carbon uptake, and ability to persist in deep water.

Deep-water kelp forests may support biodiversity, act as climate refuges, and help absorb carbon.

Researchers are still unsure how widespread these forests are and what mechanisms allow them to thrive.