Scientists Uncover Hidden Biological Differences Between Men and Women’s Immune Systems

A large single-cell study found more than 1,000 genetic switches that act differently in male and female immune cells.

Female immune cells showed stronger inflammation-related activity, which may help explain their higher autoimmune disease risk.

Male immune cells showed patterns linked to lower inflammatory priming.

The findings could improve understanding of sex-based disease differences and encourage more sex-inclusive medical research.