For centuries, Spain shone for its castles. Today we do not know exactly how many there are, and we have thousands that are increasingly in ruins

Two recent collapses in Toledo castles have renewed concern over the poor condition of Spain’s fortress heritage.

Experts say only a small minority of Spanish castles have been properly restored, while many remain structurally at risk.

The incidents in Escalona and Almonacid de Toledo highlight how legal protection has not translated into adequate upkeep.

Groups such as Hispania Nostra warn that a large share of these historic sites still face serious conservation problems.