New study targets liver as magnetic sensor behind pigeon’s long-range navigation

A Science study suggests homing pigeons may sense Earth’s magnetic field through iron-rich liver cells, not the beak, retina, or inner ear.

The proposed mechanism is still unproven and needs direct evidence of a liver-to-brain signaling pathway.

Researchers say the idea could reshape studies of animal navigation if confirmed.

It may also inspire new low-power magnetic sensors for robotics and autonomous systems.