Scientists Solve the Mystery of How the Twelve Apostles Formed

New research dates the Twelve Apostles’ limestone to Miocene seas along Victoria’s coast.

Scientists combined mapping, fossil analysis, and rock sampling to reconstruct how the landmark formed.

The rocks were later uplifted by tectonic compression and then carved into sea stacks by post–ice age coastal erosion.

The study explains one of Australia’s most famous landmarks and preserves clues to ancient climate and sea conditions.