Do AI Agents Outnumber Humans on Earth? When Will They Form Societies?

A Fermi-style estimate suggests AI agents may already be near human-population scale, using model downloads and cloud usage as proxies.

The article argues agent growth could soon outpace people, with major platforms like Hugging Face, Anthropic, OpenAI, OpenRouter, and Google Gemini included in the picture.

It then raises a bigger question: when do AI agents stop being just tools and start qualifying as a society?

Shared territory, culture, and persistent interaction are proposed as the key markers for an emerging AI society.