Scientists identify vortex rings as key to dolphin speed using a supercomputer

Osaka University researchers used supercomputer simulations to study how dolphins swim.

They found that large-scale vortex rings in the tail wake are the main source of thrust.

The result helps resolve Gray’s Paradox by showing dolphin speed comes from fluid dynamics, not special skin properties.

The study could inform faster, more efficient underwater vehicles and turbulence-control technologies.